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Most applications of rank() will be to one variable, but the argument exp can be more general,
namely, an expression. In particular, rank(-varname) reverses ranks from those obtained by
rank(varname).
The default ranking and those obtained by using one of the track, field, and unique options
differ principally in their treatment of ties. The default is to assign the same rank to tied values
such that the sum of the ranks is preserved. The track option assigns the same rank but resembles
the convention in track events; thus, if one person had the lowest time and three persons tied for
second-lowest time, their ranks would be 1, 2, 2, and 2, and the next person(s) would have rank 5.
The field option acts similarly except that the highest is assigned rank 1, as in field events in which
the greatest distance or height wins. The unique option breaks ties arbitrarily: its most obvious use
is assigning ranks for a graph of ordered values. See also group() for another kind of “ranking”.

In Bayesian analysis, we can use previous information, either belief or experimental evidence, in
a data model to acquire more balanced results for a particular problem. For example, incorporating
prior information can mitigate the effect of a small sample size. Importantly, the use of the prior
evidence is achieved in a theoretically sound and principled way.
By using the knowledge of the entire posterior distribution of model parameters, Bayesian inference
is far more comprehensive and flexible than the traditional inference.
Bayesian inference is exact, in the sense that estimation and prediction are based on the posterior
distribution. The latter is either known analytically or can be estimated numerically with an arbitrary
precision. In contrast, many frequentist estimation procedures such as maximum likelihood rely on
the assumption of asymptotic normality for inference.

Description
This entry provides a software-free introduction to Bayesian analysis. See [BAYES] bayes for an
overview of the software for performing Bayesian analysis and for an overview example.

完整的数据管理功能
您可以重组数据,管理变量,并收集各组
并重复统计。您可以处理字节,整数,long,
float,double和字符串变量(包括BLOB和达到
20亿个字符的字符串)。Stata还有一些
的工具用来管理的数据,如生存/时间数
据、时间序列数据、面板/纵向数据、分类数
据、多重替代数据和调查数据。
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