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In Section The Dollar Condition, we describe how to use the dollar operator to impose restrictions on the summation operator
so that only the elements of i and j that satisfy specified conditions are included in the summation.
Products are defined in GAMS using exactly the same format as summations, replacing Sum by Prod. For example,
prod(j, x(i, j))
is equivalent to: Pjxi j.
Summation and product operators may be used in direct assignment statements for parameters. For example,
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独立的模型和数据
你可以编写独立的模型数据,包括各种不同来源的数据,从ASCII到Excel或者Access 以及其他各种来源。比如使用
GDX(GAMS数据交换)文件格式。GDX文件可以保存一个或多个GAMS符号的值,比如集、参数变量和方程。GDX文
件可以为GAMS模型准备数据、展示GAMS模型的结果、使用不同的参数为这同一个模型保存结果等。GDX文件不能保存
一个模型的公式或者执行语句。GDX文件二进制文件,可在不同平台进行移植。
独立的模型和平台
模型在平台间是完全可移植的---写一次,可以在任意地方运行。
GAMS可以在Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, SOLARIS, Sparc Solaris和 IBM Power AIX上运行。
Independence of Model and Data
You can write the model independently of the data, and include data from many different kinds of sources, from plain ASCII to Excel or Access and many others, for example using the GDX (GAMS Data eXchange) file format.
A GDX file is a file that stores the values of one or more GAMS symbols such as sets, parameters variables and equations. GDX files can be used to prepare data for a GAMS model, present results of a GAMS model, store results of the same model using different parameters etc. A GDX file does not store a model formulation or executable statements.
GDX files are binary files that are portable between different platforms.
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A scalar is regarded as a parameter that has no domain. It can be declared and assigned with a Scalar statement
containing a degenerate list of only one value, as in the following statement from the transportation model.
Scalar f freight in dollars per case per thousand miles /90/;
If a parameter's domain has two or more dimensions, it can still have its values entered by the list format. This is very useful
for entering arrays that are sparse (having few non-zeros) and super-sparse (having few distinct non-zeros).
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设计不一样的规则
GAMS允许用户在某种程度上,用跟数学描述非常相似的方式来制定数学模型。看一下这些例子就能说明GAMS模型
的基本结构和特征以及与数学表达式的关系。GAMS让用户专注建模,通过要求简洁和的实体和关系规范,鼓励良好
的建模习惯。GAMS语言与通用编程语言形式相似,因此对于有编程经验的人来说是熟悉的。由于模型的制定方式在某种
程度上与它的数学描述类似,所以不仅是程序员,实际领域的也能理解和维护。GAMS专注于建模并且允许做所有相
关的事。
陈述性知识和程序性要素的平衡混合,允许用户在GAMS中构建复杂的算法甚至实现分解方法。尤其是解决异常问题
的模型,以及随之而来的性能问题
GAMS专注于其核心竞争力:让用户创建可读性、可维护的模型,用好的求解方法解决任何问题。开放的体系结构
和多个数据接口允许与外部系统无缝通信。
模型、求解器、数据、平台和用户界面都在独立层,便于切换求解器、使用多个数据集、在多个平台运行以及将GAMS
整合到现有的应用、结构和工作流中去。
提供**过25个广泛和多样化的求解器组合,包括所有预期的商业化求解器。
● LP/MIP/QCP/MIQCP: CPLEX, GUROBI, MOSEK, XPRESS
● NLP: CONOPT, IPOPTH, KNITRO, MINOS, SNOPT
● MINLP: ALPHAECP, ANTIGONE, BARON, DICOPT, OQNLP, SBB
● 混合互补问题求解器(MCP)、平衡约束数学规划求解器(MPEC)和约束非线性系统求解器(CNS)
● 免费到每个GAMS系统中的 (比如 BONMIN (MINLP), CBC (LP, MIP), COUENNE (MINLP), IPOPT (NLP)。教
育版还包括了SCIP和SOPLEX。
The General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) is a high-level modeling system for mathematical programming and optimization. It consists of a language compiler and a stable of integrated high-performance solvers. GAMS is tailored for complex, large scale modeling applications, and allows you to build large maintainable models that can be adapted quickly to new situations. GAMS is specifically designed for modeling linear, nonlinear and mixed integer optimization problems.
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