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The placement of blank spaces and lines (as well as the choice of upper- or lowercase) is up to you. Each GAMS user tends
to develop individual stylistic conventions. (The use of the singular set is also up to you. Using set in a statement that
makes a single declaration and sets in one that makes several is good English, but GAMS treats the singular and plural
synonymously.)
A convenient feature to use when you are assigning members to a set is the asterisk. It applies to cases when the elements
follow a sequence. For example, the following are valid set statements in GAMS.
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Introduction
1 Motivation
Substantial progress was made in the 1950s and 1960s with the development of algorithms and computer codes to solve
large mathematical programming problems. The number of applications of these tools in the 1970s was less then expected,
however, because the solution procedures formed only a small part of the overall modeling effort. A large part of the time
required to develop a model involved data preparation and transformation and report preparation. Each model required many
hours of analyst and programming time to organize the data and write the programs that would transform the data into the
form required by the mathematical programming optimizers. Furthermore, it was difficult to detect and eliminate errors
because the programs that performed the data operations were only accessible to the specialist who wrote them and not to the
analysts in charge of the project.
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Here are some points to remember when using the list format.
1. The list of domain elements and their respective parameter values can be laid out in almost any way you like. The only
rules are that the entire list must be enclosed in slashes and that the element-value pairs must be separated by commas
or entered on separate lines.
2. There is no semicolon separating the element-value list from the name, domain, and text that precede it. This is because
the same statement is being used for declaration and assignment when you use the list format. (An element-value list
by itself is not interpretable by GAMS and will result in an error message.)
3. The GAMS compiler has an unusual feature called domain checking, which verifies that each domain element in the
list is in fact a member of the appropriate set. For example, if you were to spell 'Seattle' correctly in the statement
declaring Set i but misspell it as 'Seatle' in a subsequent element-value list, the GAMS compiler would give you an
error message that the element 'Seatle' does not belong to the set i.
4. Zero is the default value for all parameters. Therefore, you only need to include the nonzero entries in the element-value
list, and these can be entered in any order .
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It is important to emphasize the presence of the semicolon at the end of the first line. Without it, the GAMS compiler would
attempt to interpret both lines as parts of the same statement. (GAMS would fail to discern a valid interpretation, so it would
send you a terse but helpful error message.)
The effects of the first statement above are to declare the parameter c, to specify the domain (i,j), and to provide some
documentary text. The second statement assigns to c(i,j) the product of the values of the parameters f and d(i,j).
Naturally, this is legal in GAMS only if you have already assigned values to f and d(i,j) in previous statements.
The direct assignment above applies to all (i,j) pairs in the domain of c. If you wish to make assignments for specific
elements in the domain, you enclose the element names in quotes. For example,
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