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Portability
The GAMS system is designed so that models can be solved on different types of computers with no change. A model
developed on a small personal computer can later be solved on a large mainframe. One person can develop a model that is
later used by others, who may be physically distant from the original developer. In contrast to previous approaches, only one
document need be moved — the GAMS statement of the model. It contains all the data and logical specifications needed to
solve the model.

User Interface
Portability concerns also have implications for the user interface. The basic GAMS system is file-oriented, and no special
editor or graphical input and output routines exist. Rather than burden the user with having to learn yet another set of editing
commands, GAMS offers an open architecture in which each user can use his word processor or editor of choice. This basic
user interface facilitates the integration of GAMS with a variety of existing and future user environments.

A GAMS Tutorial by Richard E. Rosenthal
1 Introduction
The introductory part of this book ends with a detailed example of the use of GAMS for formulating, solving, and analyzing
a small and simple optimization problem. Richard E. Rosenthal of the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California
wrote it. The example is a quick but complete overview of GAMS and its features. Many references are made to other parts
of the book, but they are only to tell you where to look for more details; the material here can be read profitably without
reference to the rest of the book.
The example is an instance of the transportation problem of linear programming, which has historically served as a 'laboratory
animal' in the development of optimization technology. [See, for example, Dantzig (1963) 1. ] It is a good choice for
illustrating the power of algebraic modeling languages like GAMS because the transportation problem, no matter how large
the instance at hand, possesses a simple, exploitable algebraic structure. You will see that almost all of the statements in the
GAMS input file we are about to present would remain unchanged if a much larger transportation problem were considered.
In the familiar transportation problem, we are given the supplies at several plants and the demands at several markets for a
single commodity, and we are given the unit costs of shipping the commodity from plants to markets. The economic question
is: how much shipment should there be between each plant and each market so as to minimize total transport cost?
The algebraic representation of this problem is usually presented in a format similar to the following

Model Library
When architects begin to design a new building, they develop the new structure by using ideas and techniques that have been
tested in previous structures. The same is true in other fields: design elements from previous projects serve as sources of
ideas for new developments.
From the early stages of the development of GAMS we have collected models to be used in a library of examples. Many of
these are standard textbook examples and can be used in classes on problem formulation or to illustrate points about GAMS.
Others are models that have been used in policy or sector analysis and are interesting for both the methods and the data they
use. All the substantive models in the library are described in the open literature. A collection of models is now included
with all GAMS systems, along with a database to help users locate examples that cover countries, sectors, or topics of interest
to them.
The syntax used to introduce features in the various chapters are presented using the Backus-Naur form (BNF) notation
where:
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